🏛️The Roman Empire had no clear successor due to its complex history and multiple claimants.
👑The Byzantine Empire is often seen as the Eastern Roman Empire's successor.
⚔️The Ottoman Empire, with its conquest of Constantinople, can claim a legitimate connection to the Roman Empire.
👑The Spanish monarchs, through their inheritance of titles from the Byzantine Empire, can argue for a claim to the Roman Empire.
🎖️The Holy Roman Empire, especially under Charlemagne, can be seen as a successor to the Western Roman Empire.