💡Humans in their natural state have a perpetual and restless desire for power and ease.
🌍Humans create societies and make contracts to obey a common power to avoid constant war.
📚Different societies ensure their safety in various ways, but ignorance and subjective concepts often interfere.
🙏Religion plays a role in teaching moral codes and creating a sense of order.
✌️Reason and fear drive people towards a state of peace, and a social contract establishes justice.
Why do humans have a desire for power?
—According to Hobbes, humans have a perpetual and restless desire for power because it is part of their natural state. They are competitive and constantly seek to gain power over others.
Why do humans make contracts to obey a common power?
—Humans make contracts to obey a common power to avoid constant war. In their free and natural state, humans are restless and competitive, which would lead to a state of constant conflict. By making a contract, they give up some individual freedom to be part of a society governed by a common power, maintaining order and stability.
How do different societies ensure their safety?
—Different societies ensure their safety in various ways. They may have different forms of government, laws, and cultural norms that help maintain order and protect their members. However, Hobbes acknowledges that ignorance, credulity, and subjective concepts often interfere with people's reasoning and decision-making in ensuring their safety.
What role does religion play in society according to Hobbes?
—According to Hobbes, religion plays a role in teaching moral codes and creating a sense of order in society. Humans have created religions to understand the world around them and to speculate on their origins. While Hobbes asserts that Christianity is the only true religion that yields peace, he also critiques the religions of the Greeks, Romans, and other pagan cultures.
How can peace be established according to Hobbes?
—Hobbes believes that peace can be established through reason and fear. Humans, being rational beings, can use their reasoning abilities to draw up articles of peace and create a social contract with one another. By entering into this contract and obeying a common power, humans can establish justice and maintain a peaceful and stable society.
00:09Hobbes explores the perpetual desire for power and the need for a common power to maintain order in society.
00:19Humans, in their natural state, are restless and competitive, leading to constant war.
00:35People make contracts to obey a common power, allowing them to avoid constant fear of death and injury and enjoy cultural delights.
00:52Different societies ensure their safety in various ways, but ignorance and subjective concepts often interfere.
01:13Religion plays a role in teaching moral codes and creating a sense of order.
01:38Reason and fear drive people towards a state of peace, and through a social contract, justice can be established.
