The Central Dogma of Biology: DNA to Protein

🧬Genes provide instructions for making proteins, but they do not build proteins directly.

📝The flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein is known as the central dogma of biology.

🧪Transcription is the synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA, while translation is the synthesis of a polypeptide under the direction of mRNA.

🧬Ribosomes are essential for translation and are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

🧑‍🔬tRNAs interpret the genetic code in the mRNA and bring in amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

What is the central dogma of biology?

—The central dogma of biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

What is transcription?

—Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.

What is translation?

—Translation is the process of synthesizing a polypeptide chain based on the sequence of mRNA.

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

—Ribosomes facilitate the linking of amino acids in the order dictated by the mRNA sequence.

What are tRNAs?

—tRNAs are transfer RNAs that interpret the genetic code in the mRNA and bring in the corresponding amino acids for protein synthesis.

00:00Genes provide instructions for making proteins, but they do not build proteins directly.

00:28The flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein is known as the central dogma of biology.

01:08Transcription is the synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA, while translation is the synthesis of a polypeptide under the direction of mRNA.

01:38Ribosomes are essential for translation and are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

02:13tRNAs interpret the genetic code in the mRNA and bring in amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.