🚬Smoking is causally related to lung cancer.
💔ApoB is causally related to atherosclerosis.
👵Individual cases cannot disprove causal relationships.
💊Treat ApoB regardless of risk level.
🌡️Higher ApoB concentration increases the risk of atherosclerosis.
Is smoking causally related to lung cancer?
—Yes, smoking is causally related to lung cancer.
Is ApoB causally related to atherosclerosis?
—Yes, ApoB is causally related to atherosclerosis.
Can individual cases disprove causal relationships?
—No, individual cases cannot disprove causal relationships.
Should ApoB be treated regardless of risk level?
—Yes, ApoB should be treated regardless of risk level.
Does higher ApoB concentration increase the risk of atherosclerosis?
—Yes, higher ApoB concentration increases the risk of atherosclerosis.
00:02Smoking is causally related to lung cancer.
03:01ApoB is causally related to atherosclerosis.
03:21Mendelian randomizations demonstrate the causal relationship between LDL and atherosclerosis.
06:05Treating ApoB to lower levels is recommended for individuals with risk factors or evidence of disease.
07:29Elevated LDL cholesterol levels are a red flag and should be taken seriously.
