🔍Napoleon's invasion of Russia was a massive undertaking, involving around 600,000 troops from France and allied states in Europe.
⚔️Russian resilience and the harsh winter climate proved challenging for Napoleon's army, leading to heavy casualties.
🏹Cossacks, skilled horsemen, played a significant role and disrupted French supply lines.
🗺️Napoleon's plan to force the Russians into a decisive battle at Smolensk did not succeed, and the campaign exposed flaws in his strategy.
⛰️The difficult terrain and logistical challenges further weakened Napoleon's forces.