🔑Obtaining and analyzing firmware is an essential step in hacking embedded devices.
📁Different firmware storage systems are used, such as MCU, SPI, and Flash Memory.
🔌Directly connecting to a memory chip allows for firmware dumping and vulnerability discovery.
💡NOR flash is a storage medium for non-volatile data, commonly used in embedded devices.
📚Tools like hydrabus and flashrom facilitate firmware extraction and analysis.
What is the importance of extracting firmware from embedded devices?
—Firmware extraction allows for vulnerability discovery and analysis, crucial in hacking embedded devices.
What are some common firmware storage systems used in embedded devices?
—Common firmware storage systems include MCU (Microcontroller Unit), SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), and Flash Memory.
How can one directly connect to a memory chip for firmware dumping?
—By using tools like hydrabus, one can establish a connection to the memory chip and extract the firmware for analysis.
What is NOR flash and how is it used in embedded devices?
—NOR flash is a storage medium for non-volatile data, commonly used in embedded devices that require fast execution and memory.
What tools can be used for firmware extraction and analysis?
—Tools like hydrabus and flashrom provide capabilities for firmware extraction and analysis from SPI-based chips.
00:00One of the first steps in hacking embedded devices is obtaining and analyzing the firmware.
06:16Different firmware storage systems, such as MCU, SPI, and Flash Memory, are used in embedded devices.
09:32The use of tools like hydrabus and flashrom enables direct connection to memory chips for firmware dumping.
03:53NOR flash, a storage medium for non-volatile data, is commonly used in embedded devices for fast execution and memory.
13:27Flashrom is a standard tool for firmware dumping via SPI, offering support for various chip models.
17:30Using the hydrabus device, one can script the SPI dumping process for efficient and automated firmware extraction.
18:28Explore the contrib directory in the hydrabus repository for a pre-existing SPI dumping script.
15:40Dumped firmware can be analyzed for vulnerability discovery and further exploitation.
